Ethics
by Benedict de Spinoza (1677)


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  • Spinoza saw ... that if a falling stone could reason, it would think, "I *want* to fall at the rate of thirty-two feet per second." --Philip K. Dick, "The Android and the Human" (1972), reprinted in "The Dark-Haired Girl", (1988) 

 

Translated from the Latin by R.H.M. Elwes (1883)
MTSU Philosophy WebWorks Hypertext Edition © 1997

PART II
OF THE NATURE AND ORIGIN OF THE MIND.

Table of Contents


PART II
OF THE NATURE AND ORIGIN OF THE MIND.

 
DEFINITIONS.

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VI. Reality and perfection I use as synonymous terms. 

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PROPOSITIONS.

PROP. I. Thought is an attribute of God, or God is a thinking thing.
Proof.--Particular thoughts, or this or that thought, are modes which, in a certain conditioned manner, express the nature of God (Pt. i., Prop. xxv., Coroll.). God therefore possesses the attribute (Pt. i., Def. v.) of which the concept is involved in all particular thoughts, which latter are conceived thereby. Thought, therefore, is one of the infinite attributes of God, which express God's eternal and infinite essence (Pt. i., Def. vi.). In other words, God is a thinking thing. Q.E.D.

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